• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    wobei die Einspeiseelemente (10) dem Fördern des abgetrennten Ernteguts in Richtung auf das Verarbeitungsgerät, welches dem Weiterverarbeiten des abgetrennten Ernteguts dient, dienen, und wobei die Schneidelemente (6) und die Förderelemente (5) des Vorsatzgeräts (2) unabhängig voneinander über separate Antriebe derart angetrieben werden, dass die Förderelemente (5) des Vorsatzgeräts (2) abhängig von einer Fahrgeschwindigkeit der Erntemaschine angetrieben werden, und dass die Schneidelemente (6) des Vorsatzgeräts (2) abhängig von der Dicke des stängel artig en Ernteguts angetrieben werden. Method for operating a harvesting machine (1), in particular a forage harvester, wherein the harvesting machine (1) has an attachment (2), in particular a maize header, which has cutting elements (6), conveying elements (5) and feed elements (10), and a processing device, in particular a chopper plant, the cutting elements (6) of the attachment serving to separate stalk-like crops, the conveying elements (5) of the attachment serving to convey the separated crop towards the feed elements (10) of the attachment; wherein the feed elements (10) serve to convey the separated crop towards the processing equipment used for further processing the separated crop, and wherein the cutting elements (6) and the conveying elements (5) of the attachment (2) are independent of each other via separate drives be driven so that the conveying elements (5) of the attachment (2) are driven depending on a driving speed of the harvester, and that the cutting elements (6) of the attachment (2) are driven depending on the thickness of the stem-like harvested crop.
    公开号:BE1022956A9
    申请号:E20155428
    申请日:2015-07-08
    公开日:2016-12-20
    发明作者:Josef Fischer；Bernd Valtwies
    申请人:Claas Saulgau Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Method and control device for operating a harvester
    The invention relates to a method for operating a harvesting machine according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a control device for carrying out the method.
    In the case of harvesting machines, a distinction is fundamentally made between those harvesters in which the crop is threshed, and between harvesters in which the crop is chopped. Then, when harvested crops such as wheat, barley or oats or harvested crop rape, harvesters are typically used, which are designed as combine harvester. Then, on the other hand, when corn is to be harvested or sorghum is harvested as crop, forage harvesters are typically used as harvesters. A trained as a combine harvester, in which a crop to be harvested is threshed, has a header with several Mähorganen that cut off the crop under execution of a scissors-like separating cut. On the other hand, a harvester designed as a forage harvester has an attachment designed as a maize header with a plurality of peripherally driven cutting elements for separating the crop.
    From DE 20 2005 005 700 U1, a harvester designed as a forage harvester with a header designed as a corn header is known, wherein the corn header comprises cutting elements, conveying elements and feed elements. The cutting elements of the attachment are driven in rotation and serve to separate stalk-like crops. The conveyor elements of the attachment are also driven in rotation and serve to convey the separated from the cutting elements crop in the direction of the feed elements of the attachment. Furthermore, the feed elements of the attachment, which serve to convey the separated crop in the direction of a processing device, namely a chopper, the forage harvester, driven circumferentially.
    In forage harvesters known from practice, all the elements of the attachment, so all cutting elements, all conveying elements and all feed elements, driven by a common drive, so that according to the cutting elements, the conveying elements and the feed elements of the processing device are driven dependent on each other.
    In order to provide a forage harvester with a compact and inexpensive drive of the cutting elements of the maize header of the forage harvester, it is known from EP 2 407 022 B1 to connect the cutting devices on the drive side respectively to an electric motor associated with the respective cutting device. The cutting elements and the conveying elements of such a maize header are therefore driven by separate drives.
    In the case of known forage harvesters, there is the problem that optimum transport of the separated crop in the direction of the processing device is not ensured in all operating conditions of the forage harvester. So it can not be guaranteed under all operating conditions or harvest conditions optimal crop yield.
    It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel method for operating a harvesting machine and a control device for carrying out the method.
    This object is achieved by a method for operating a harvesting machine according to claim 1.
    According to the invention, the cutting elements and the conveyor elements of the attachment are independently driven by separate drives such that the conveyor elements of the attachment driven depending on a travel speed of the harvester and the cutting elements of the attachment depending on the thickness of the stalk-like crop.
    Hereby, a forage harvester can be optimally adapted to different operating conditions or harvesting conditions in order to provide an optimal harvest result under all harvesting conditions.
    Preferably, the conveyor elements of the attachment at relatively low speeds of the harvester are relatively slow and relatively fast driving speeds of the harvester are driven relatively fast, the cutting elements of the attachment in stalk-like crop with a relatively small thickness relatively fast and stalk-like crop with a relatively large thickness be driven relatively slowly. Hereby, the peripheral speed of the conveying elements and the peripheral speed of the cutting elements of the trained as a corn header attachment of a trained as a forage harvester harvester can be optimally adapted to different harvesting conditions.
    According to an advantageous development, the conveying elements are additionally driven depending on the thickness of the stalk-like crop, wherein the cutting elements of the attachment are driven independently of the driving speed of the harvester. The conveyor elements of the attachment are relatively quickly driven at stalk-like crop with a relatively small thickness and at relatively high speeds of the harvester, whereas the conveyor elements of the attachment are relatively slowly driven at stalk-like crop with a relatively large thickness and at relatively low speeds of the harvester. Hereby, the adaptation of the maize header of the forage harvester to different harvesting conditions can be further optimized.
    According to a further advantageous embodiment, the feed elements of the attachment are driven independently of the cutting elements of the attachment and independently of the conveying elements of the attachment via a separate drive. In this case, the feed elements of the attachment are driven depending on a chop length of the chopper, namely such that at relatively shorter chop length, the feed elements are driven relatively slowly and relatively long chop length, the feed elements relatively quickly. Such driving of the feed elements independently of the cutting elements and the conveyor elements of the attachment allows a further improved adaptation of the maize header and thus the harvester to different harvesting conditions.
    The control device according to the invention is defined in claim 10.
    Preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description below. Embodiments of the invention will be described, without being limited thereto, with reference to the drawings. Showing:
    Fig. 1 is a plan view of a corn header of a forage harvester formed as a harvester;
    Fig. 2 shows a detail of the maize header of Fig. 1 in cross section and
    Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of a mowing and intake unit in cross section.
    Fig. 1 shows a trained as a forage harvester 1 harvester.
    The forage harvester 1 comprises a header 2, which is designed as a corn header, and which is coupled to a carrier vehicle 3. Designed as a corn header attachment 2 of the forage harvester 1 is moved from the carrier vehicle 3 for harvesting and serves to separate stalk-like crop such as corn or sorghum and the transport of the separated crop in the direction of a chopper, not shown, which is part of the carrier vehicle 3.
    The attachment 2, namely the maize header, has several mowing and intake units 4, wherein each mowing and intake unit 4 on the one hand about a vertical axis rotating, circumferentially driven cutting elements 6 and on the other hand also about a vertical axis rotating, circumferentially driven conveying elements 5 includes.
    2 shows a cross-section through a mowing and intake unit 4, wherein the cutting elements 6 are fastened to a drum-like support structure 7 and the conveying elements 5 are fastened to a drum-like support structure 8. In the area of each mowing and intake unit 4, the cutting elements 6 and the conveying elements 5 of the respective mowing and intake unit 4 are circumferentially drivable about a common vertical axis 9.
    In addition to the cutting elements 6 and the conveying elements 5, the maize header comprises 2 feed elements 10. These feed elements 10 are arranged behind the mowing and intake units 4 as seen in the direction of travel of the forage harvester and serve to transport the separated, stem-like crop in the direction of the chopper plant of the forage harvester. The feed elements 10 are likewise driven in rotation about a vertical axis.
    According to the invention, the cutting elements 6 and the conveying elements 5 of the maize header 2 are driven independently via separate drives, not shown, namely such that the conveying elements 5 of the attachment 2 are driven depending on a driving speed of the harvester, and that the cutting elements 6 of the attachment 2 dependent be driven by the thickness of the harvested, stem-like crop.
    In this case, it may be provided that all conveying elements 5 of all mowing and intake units 4 as well as all cutting elements 6 of all mowing and intake units 4 are each driven starting from a respective common drive. It is also possible to assign each mowing and intake unit 4 for driving the conveying elements 5 of the same and / or for driving the cutting elements 6 thereof each have a separate drive.
    As already stated, the conveying elements 5 of the attachment 2 are driven depending on a driving speed of the harvester, wherein the cutting elements 6 of the attachment 2 are driven depending on the thickness of the stalk-like crop. The conveyor elements 5 of the attachment 2 at relatively low speeds of the harvester relatively slowly, ie at a relatively low peripheral speed, and at a relatively high driving speed of the harvester relatively fast, that is driven at a relatively high peripheral speed. The cutting elements 6 of the attachment 2 are relatively relatively fast, ie at a relatively high peripheral speed, and at stalk-like crop with a relatively small thickness relatively slowly, ie at a relatively low peripheral speed, driven at stalk-like crop with a relatively small thickness.
    The above dependencies for driving the conveying elements 5 depending on the driving speed of the harvester and for driving the cutting elements 6 depending on the thickness of the stem-like crop allow a particularly advantageous adaptation of the attachment 2 to different harvesting conditions and thus ensuring a particularly advantageous harvest result.
    According to a first variant of the invention, the conveying elements 5 of the attachment 2 are driven depending on the driving speed of the harvester, but regardless of the thickness of the stem-like crop, whereas the cutting elements 6 depending on the thickness of the stalk-like crop, but regardless of the driving speed of the Harvester driven.
    According to a second variant of the invention, the conveying elements 5 of the attachment 2 are driven on the one hand depending on the driving speed of the harvester and on the other hand depending on the thickness of the stem-like crop, whereas the cutting elements 6 exclusively dependent on the thickness of the stem-like crop, but regardless of the driving speed of the Harvester driven. In this context, it is then preferably provided that the conveying elements 5 of the attachment 2 are relatively quickly driven at stalk-like crop with a relatively small thickness and at relatively high speeds of the harvester, whereas the conveying elements 5 of the attachment 2 in stalk-like crop with a relatively large thickness and are driven relatively slowly at relatively low speeds of the harvester. Then, when crop having a relatively small thickness is to be harvested at relatively low speeds of the harvester or crop having a relatively large thickness at relatively high traveling speeds of the harvester, the conveying elements 5 of the header 2 are driven at an average peripheral speed that is intermediate between the relatively fast or the high and the relatively slow or low peripheral speed of the same.
    According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the feed elements 10 of the attachment 2 are driven independently of the cutting elements 6 and independently of the conveying elements 5 of the attachment 2 via a separate drive, wherein the two feed elements 10 shown in Fig. 1, a common drive or each feed element 10 may be associated with an individual drive.
    The feed elements 10 of the attachment 2 are driven depending on a shred length of trained as Häckselwerk processing unit of the forage harvester, namely such that at relatively short chop length in the chaff, the feed elements 10 are relatively slow and relatively long chop length in the chopping the feed elements 10 are driven relatively quickly. The peripheral speed of the feed elements of the attachment 2 is independent of the thickness of the stalk-like crop and regardless of the driving speed of the harvester.
    Using the method according to the invention, a homogeneous sectional image with optimum guidance of the crop in the attachment 2 of the forage harvester 1 can be realized. The cutting speed of the mowing and intake units 4, which is dependent on the peripheral speed of the cutting elements 6, is adapted to the thickness of the stalk-like crop. The conveying speed of the mowing and intake units 4, which is dependent on the peripheral speed of the conveying elements 5, is adapted at least to the driving speed of the harvesting machine. This adjustment can be made gradually or continuously.
    Due to the optimum adaptation of the peripheral speed of the conveying elements 5 and the peripheral speed of the cutting elements 6 of the mowing and intake units 4, therefore, an optimal cutting result with optimal crop flow of the crop in the attachment 2 can be realized.
    By optionally influencing the peripheral speed of the feed elements 10 adapted to the chop length of the shredder, the chopped quality of the chaff can be improved, as well as the flow of the crop in the forage harvester.
    Another advantage of the invention is that the starting torque of the attachment 2 can be reduced because a decoupled start of the individual elements, so the conveying elements 5, the cutting elements 6 and the feed elements 10, can be realized.
    The drives for the conveying elements 5, cutting elements 6 and feed elements 10 can be realized mechanically, electrically, hydraulically or by a combination of these drive types.
    For driving the cutting elements 6, an electric motor can be provided, the speed of which can optionally be reduced by a gear.
    It is also possible for each cutting element 6 to provide a separate electric motor, which is preferably arranged concentrically around the vertical axis 9 in the interior of the drum-like support structure 8. Optionally, this electric motor can act on the cutting element 6 via a gear. In this case, the transmission could for example be designed as a planetary gear, which is arranged concentrically to the electric motor.
    Alternatively, the electric motor could also be arranged off-center in the support structure and act on the cutting element via spur gears.
    By providing a reduction gear, it is possible to use a designed as a high-speed electric motor, which is lightweight and compact and good speed control is.
    3 shows an exemplary drive of the cutting elements 6, in which a separate electric motor 11 is provided for each cutting element 6. This electric motor 11 is arranged in the interior of the drum-like support structure 8 and drives via a spur gear 12 to a sun gear of a planetary gear arrangement 13. The sun gear interacts with planet wheels, which roll in a housing-fixed ring gear. The revolving planet carrier on which the planetary gears are rotatably mounted, is connected to the cutting element 6 and transmits the reduced rotational movement of the electric motor 11 to the cutting element 6. Of course it is also possible to drive over the planet carrier via the ring gear in the cutting element 6. Furthermore, it is also possible to dispense with the spur gear and connect the electric motor 11 directly to the sun gear of the planetary gear assembly.
    In Fig. 3, an angle gear 14 is shown, which drives the drum-like support structure 8, on which the conveying elements 5 are arranged. The angle gear 14 in turn is driven by a transversely extending shaft in the attachment, which in turn is driven by the combustion engine of the harvester or by a hydraulic motor.
    The invention further relates to a control device for operating a harvesting machine, in particular a forage harvester, wherein the control device is used to carry out the method according to the invention.
    The control device therefore has means for carrying out the method. These means are data interfaces in order to exchange data with the modules involved in carrying out the method according to the invention. In particular, the control device provides drive signals for the drives of the conveyor elements 5, the cutting elements 6 and the feed element 10, in order to drive them in the manner described above. As a further means, the control device comprises a processor for data processing and a memory for data storage.
    REFERENCE SIGNS 1 harvester / forage harvester 2 attachment / maize header 3 carrier vehicle 4 mowing and intake unit 5 conveying element 6 cutting element 7 carrier 8 carrier 9 axis 10 feed element 11 electric motor 12 spur gear 13 planetary gear arrangement 14 angular gear
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    claims
    1. A method for operating a harvester (1), in particular a forage harvester, wherein the harvester (1) has a header (2), in particular a corn header, which cutting elements (6), conveying elements (5) and feed elements (10), and a Processing apparatus, in particular a chopper, comprising, wherein the cutting elements (6) of the attachment serve for the separation of stalk-like crop, wherein the conveying elements (5) of the attachment for conveying the separated crop in the direction of the feed elements (10) serve the attachment, and wherein the feed elements (10) serve to convey the separated crop towards the processing device which serves to further process the separated crop, characterized in that the cutting elements (6) and the conveying elements (5) of the attachment (2) are independent of each other Drives are driven in such a way that the conveying elements (5) of the attachment (2) are driven depending on a traveling speed of the harvester; the cutting elements (6) of the attachment (2) are driven depending on the thickness of the stalk-like crop.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveying elements (5) of the attachment (2) are relatively quickly driven at relatively low speeds of the harvester and at relatively high speeds of the harvester relatively fast.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cutting elements (6) of the attachment (2) are relatively slowly driven at stalk-like crop with a relatively small thickness and relatively slow in stalk-like crop with a relatively large thickness.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the conveying elements (5) are driven independently of the thickness of the stalk-like crop, and that the cutting elements (6) of the attachment are driven independently of the driving speed of the harvester.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the conveying elements (5) are driven depending on the thickness of the stalk-like crop, and that the cutting elements (6) of the attachment are driven independently of the driving speed of the harvester.
    [6]
    6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the conveying elements (5) of the attachment (2) are relatively quickly driven at stalk-like crop with a relatively small thickness and at relatively high speeds of the harvester, that the conveying elements (5) of the attachment at stalk-like crop with a relatively large thickness and are driven relatively slowly at relatively low speeds of the harvester.
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the feed elements (10) of the attachment (2) independently of the cutting elements (6) of the attachment (2) and independently of the conveying elements (5) of the attachment (2) be driven by a separate drive.
    [8]
    8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the feed elements (10) of the attachment (2) are driven depending on a chop length of Häckselwerks, namely such that at a relatively short chop length, the feed elements relatively slowly and relatively long chop length, the feed elements relative be driven fast.
    [9]
    9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the feed elements (10) of the attachment (2) are driven independently of the thickness of the stalk-like crop and regardless of the driving speed of the harvester.
    [10]
    10. Control device for operating a harvester, in particular a forage harvester, characterized in that the same means for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 9 has.
    [11]
    11. attachment (2), in particular a maize header, with cutting elements (6), conveying elements (5) and feed elements (10) for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the cutting elements (6) are driven by at least one electric motor , characterized in that the or each electric motor acts via a gear on one or each cutting element (6).
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102014110572A1|2016-01-28|
    BE1022956B1|2016-10-21|
    BE1022956A1|2016-10-21|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3100369A|1961-05-24|1963-08-13|Sperry Rand Corp|Forage harvester|
    EP0099527B1|1982-07-17|1988-09-07|Maschinenfabrik Kemper GmbH|Machine for mowing and chopping corn and similar stalk crops|
    DE3308077A1|1983-03-08|1984-09-13|Maschinenfabrik Kemper Gmbh, 4424 Stadtlohn|Machine for the cutting and chopping up of maize or similar stalk-like crop|
    DE102004029953A1|2004-06-21|2006-01-12|Deere & Company, Moline|Header drive|
    DE202005005700U1|2005-04-08|2005-06-30|Claas Saulgau Gmbh|Mowing and conveying device for stalked crop|
    DE102006025455A1|2006-05-30|2007-12-20|Claas Saulgau Gmbh|Attachment for harvesting stemmed crops|
    DE102010031363A1|2010-07-15|2012-01-19|Maschinenfabrik Kemper Gmbh & Co. Kg|Machine for harvesting stalk-like plants with an electric motor driven cutting device|
    DE102012106602A1|2012-07-20|2014-05-15|Claas Hungaria Kft.|Attachment for harvesting corn|CN106335663B|2016-10-25|2018-10-19|黑龙江省畜牧机械化研究所|A kind of walking collects the device of corn ear|
    CN109463109B|2018-11-20|2021-09-07|新疆农业大学|Step type stalk pulling machine|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102014110572.9|2014-07-25|
    DE102014110572.9A|DE102014110572A1|2014-07-25|2014-07-25|Method and control device for operating a harvester|
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